While there is still much more to understand in regards to what causes breast cancer, researchers do know that certain DNA changes can cause the cells in the breast to become cancerous. All of the cells that make up our body contain DNA, which makes up who we are and tells our cells what to do. In normal, healthy cells, genes within the DNA tell the cells to grow, multiply and die at a normal rate. When DNA becomes damaged or when genes mutate, the cells may become cancerous and no longer multiply and die as they should. Instead, these cells live longer than normal, healthy cells and multiply at an increased rate.
There are two specific genes that suppress the development and growth of tumors. These are BCRA1 and BCRA2. If these genes become mutated, they can no longer suppress tumor growth and it is likely that cancer will develop. Some genetic mutations may be hereditary, transferring from one generation to the next. Others are possibly environmental, although currently there is no scientific evidence that environmental factors can cause the genetic mutations that lead to breast cancer.
While it is not possible to entirely prevent breast cancer, it is possible to take measures that can lessen one's risk of developing the condition. Having children and breastfeeding are very beneficial in preventing the development of breast cancer. A lifestyle that includes a healthy diet, regular exercise and limited alcohol intake is also an important part of preventing breast cancer. Since it has been thought that hormone replacement therapies contribute to the risk of developing the condition, avoiding those medications is also important for women who are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
There are some medications that can be used to reduce the chance of breast cancer, such as Tamoxifen and Raloxifene. Both drugs have been shown to decrease the chance of breast cancer in women who were at high risk of developing the condition. The medications are not appropriate for all women and only a doctor would be able to determine whether or not the prescription would be a viable option in any given circumstance. In extreme cases, a preventative mastectomy may be an option, but should only be considered as a last resort for women who are at an extremely high risk of breast cancer.
While breast cancer is not 100-percent preventable, it is normally treatable when caught early. Because of this, it is important for women to schedule annual mammograms and perform regular self-exams. As research continues, so will our understanding of the development and growth of breast cancer and our approach in breast cancer prevention.
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